What is the recommended temperature setting for residential hot water heaters?

The recommended temperature setting for residential hot water heaters is typically 60°C (140°F) or higher. This temperature helps to ensure that the water is hot enough to effectively kill harmful bacteria, such as Legionella, which can thrive in warm water systems. Maintaining this temperature is crucial for both health and safety, as it minimizes the risk of microbial contamination in the water supply.

In addition to health considerations, a setting of 60°C also helps to balance the user's comfort and reduce the risk of scalding injuries, provided that appropriate mixing valves or anti-scald devices are installed to manage the water temperature at the point of use. Setting the temperature too low increases the risk of bacterial growth, while excessively high settings can pose scalding hazards, making 60°C a practical compromise for many households.

While other options reflect varying degrees of safety or comfort, they do not meet the health guidelines as effectively as the recommended 60°C setting.